Primary works admitted to the archive and the editions used.
The archive admits only primary classical works. Edition and numbering conventions are recorded for each work so that every citation can be independently verified.
Comparative Fiqh (Dhimmi Law) · Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya (d. 751/1350)
The most comprehensive classical legal compendium devoted exclusively to the civil, fiscal, penal, and social status of non-Muslim subjects under Islamic rule.
Fiqh (constitutional law) · al-Mawardi (d. 450/1058)
The classical treatise on caliphate, governance, jizya, and the dhimma (ed. Mustafa al-Babi al-Halabi, Cairo).
Legal Exegesis (Tafsir Ahkam) · Abu Abd Allah al-Qurtubi (d. 671/1273)
A 20-volume legal commentary on the Qur'an, focusing on comparative jurisprudence, derivation of legal rulings, linguistic nuances, and hadith evaluation.
Comparative Fiqh (Hanafi) · Shams al-A'immah al-Sarakhsi (d. 483/1090)
The premier 30-volume encyclopedia of Hanafi jurisprudence, containing exhaustive dialectical debates with the Maliki and Shafi'i schools.
Fiqh (comparative) · Ibn Qudama (d. 620/1223)
Comparative Hanbali fiqh documenting consensus (ijma') and school divergence on hudud, ridda, and family law.
Comparative Fiqh (Zahiri) · Ibn Hazm al-Andalusi (d. 456/1064)
The monumental text of the Zahiri literalist school; famed for sharp refutations of analogical reasoning (qiyas), juristic imitation (taqlid), and speculative theology.
Hadith & Early Fiqh · Malik ibn Anas (d. 179/795)
The foundational text of the Maliki school, recording the living legal consensus ('amal) and traditions of the Companions in early Medina.
Sira · Ibn Hisham (d. 218/833), recension of Ibn Ishaq
Ed. Ferdinand Wustenfeld, Gottingen 1858-60; Eng. tr. A. Guillaume, Oxford 1955 (cited by page).
Fiqh (governance) · Ibn Taymiyya (d. 728/1328)
Classical treatise on the purposes and limits of Islamic governance.
Hadith & Legal Proofs · Abu Bakr al-Bayhaqi (d. 458/1066)
A 10-volume hadith compendium compiling legal proof-texts, companion fatwas, and historical precedents supporting Shafi'i legal deductions.
Hadith (Sunan) · Ahmad ibn Shu'ayb al-Nasa'i (d. 303/915)
One of the Kutub al-Sittah; revered for its stringent narrator filtration and subtle exposition of chain defects ('ilal).
Hadith Commentary · Ibn Hajar al-'Asqalani (d. 852/1449)
The premier and most authoritative commentary on Sahih al-Bukhari in Sunni history, universally consulted for linguistic, jurisprudential, and chain verification.
History (conquests) · al-Baladhuri (d. 279/892)
The classical account of the conquests and the fiscal arrangements after them; Eng. tr. P. Hitti, 1916.
Tafsir · al-Tabari (d. 310/923)
The oldest comprehensive tafsir; cited for asbab al-nuzul and for the reports of the salaf on contested verses.
Hadith (Jami') · Abu 'Isa al-Tirmidhi (d. 279/892)
One of the Kutub al-Sittah; notable for recording comparative madhhab opinions and providing early systematic technical gradings (Sahih, Hasan, Gharib).
Early Biography & Sira · Muhammad ibn Sa'd (d. 230/845)
An 8-volume biographical encyclopedia preserving the earliest extensive records of the Prophet's military expeditions, early converts, and generation of the Sahaba.
Hadith (Musnad) · Ahmad ibn Hanbal (d. 241/855)
The largest early hadith compilation in Sunni Islam, containing over 27,000 traditions organized by companion narrator (musnad).
Hadith (Sahih) · Muhammad ibn Isma'il al-Bukhari (d. 256/870)
Hadith numbers follow the standard edition as used on sunnah.com (Fath al-Bari numbering). All narrations cited are graded Sahih.
Hadith (Sahih) · Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj al-Naysaburi (d. 261/875)
Hadith numbers follow the standard edition as used on sunnah.com (al-Minhaj numbering). All narrations cited are graded Sahih.
Hadith commentary · al-Nawawi (d. 676/1277)
Cited for the ijma' on rajm and for the reconciliation of the Quranic penalty with the sunna.
Hadith (Sunan / Legal Traditions) · Abu Dawud al-Sijistani (d. 275/889)
One of the Kutub al-Sittah; primarily preserves prophetic narrations used directly by jurists to deduce binding legal rulings (ahkam).
Hadith (Sunan) · Ibn Majah al-Qazwini (d. 273/887)
The sixth book of the canonical Kutub al-Sittah; contains an exceptional chapter arrangement and preserves narrations not found in the other five books.
Tafsir · Ibn Kathir (d. 774/1373)
Quotations checked against the printed edition (Dar Tayyiba) and the text as reproduced on Wikisource Arabic.
History · al-Tabari (d. 310/923)
The standard early chronicle; Eng. tr. SUNY series (The History of al-Tabari), 39 vols.
Scripture · Revealed text (riwayat Hafs)
Arabic text follows the Cairo 1924 edition (riwayat Hafs, uthmani orthography). Verse numbering follows the standard Egyptian (Cairo) enumeration.
Arabic texts in the archive are additionally cross-checked against the al-Maktaba al-Shāmila digital library and, for tafsir, the Arabic Wikisource. Verification links for hadith point to sunnah.com, whose numbering matches the standard editions used here.