Historical Maps
Geographical chronology of early Islamic expeditions, sieges, treaties, and civil wars.
38 Verified Coordinate Sites · 622–1675 CE (1–1086 AH)
Battles Sieges Treaties Civil Wars
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2 AH / 624 CE Battle
Battle of Badr
غزوة بدر الكبرى
Badr, Hejaz (Saudi Arabia)
First major engagement between the early Medinan Muslim state and the Meccan Quraysh; 70 polytheists killed and 70 taken captive, prompting the revelation of Qur'an 8:67 regarding captives.
Primary Sources:
- • Al-Qur'an 8:67-68
- • Sahih Muslim 1763
- • Sirat Ibn Hisham 1/606
Chronological Campaign & Treaty Registry
Primary Citations: al-Balādhurī & al-Ṭabarī| Year (AH / CE) | Campaign / Treaty | Category | Location | Primary Source | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 AH / 624 CE | Battle of Badr غزوة بدر الكبرى | battle | Badr, Hejaz (Saudi Arabia) | Al-Qur'an 8:67-68 | View Entry → |
| 2 AH / 624 CE | Siege & Expulsion of Banu Qaynuqa غزوة بني قينقاع وإجلاؤهم | siege | Medina, Hejaz | Sirat Ibn Hisham 2/47 | View Entry → |
| 3 AH / 625 CE | Battle of Uhud غزوة أحد | battle | Mount Uhud, Medina | Al-Qur'an 3:140-160 | View Entry → |
| 4 AH / 625 CE | Siege & Expulsion of Banu al-Nadir غزوة بني النضير وإجلاؤهم | siege | Medina, Hejaz | Al-Qur'an 59:2-5 | View Entry → |
| 5 AH / 627 CE | Battle of the Trench & Banu Qurayza غزوة الخندق وبني قريظة | siege | Medina, Hejaz | Al-Qur'an 33:26-27 | View Entry → |
| 5 AH / 627 CE | Expedition of al-Muraysi' (Banu Mustaliq) غزوة بني المصطلق (المريسيع) | battle | Al-Muraysi' Well, near Qadid, Hejaz | Sahih al-Bukhari 2542, 4138 | View Entry → |
| 7 AH / 628 CE | Siege & Conquest of Khaybar غزوة خيبر وفرض الخراج | siege | Khaybar Oasis, Hejaz | Sahih al-Bukhari 2235, 4200 | View Entry → |
| 8 AH / 629 CE | Battle of Mu'tah معركة مؤتة | battle | Mu'tah, Karak (Jordan) | Sahih al-Bukhari 4261 | View Entry → |
| 8 AH / 630 CE | Conquest of Mecca (Fath Makkah) فتح مكة ودخول الحرم | battle | Mecca, Hejaz | Sahih al-Bukhari 4280 | View Entry → |
| 8 AH / 630 CE | Battle of Hunayn & Awtas غزوة حنين وأوطاس وحصار الطائف | battle | Hunayn Valley, near Ta'if, Hejaz | Al-Qur'an 9:25-26, 4:24 | View Entry → |
| 15 AH / 636 CE | Battle of Yarmouk معركة اليرموك | battle | Yarmouk River (Syria/Jordan Border) | Futuh al-Buldan (al-Baladhuri) p. 135 | View Entry → |
| 15 AH / 636 CE | Battle of al-Qadisiyyah معركة القادسية | battle | Al-Qadisiyyah, near Najaf (Iraq) | Tarikh al-Tabari 3/478 | View Entry → |
| 16 AH / 637 CE | Capitulation of Jerusalem & Pact of Umar فتح القدس والعهدة العمرية | treaty | Jerusalem (Iliya / Bayt al-Maqdis) | Tarikh al-Tabari 3/607 | View Entry → |
| 21 AH / 642 CE | Siege & Surrender of Alexandria فتح الإسكندرية وسقوط مصر البيزنطية | siege | Alexandria (Egypt) | Futuh al-Buldan (al-Baladhuri) p. 220 | View Entry → |
| 31 AH / 652 CE | The Baqt Treaty with Nubia معاهدة البقط مع مملكة المقرة في النوبة | treaty | Dongola (Sudan / Upper Nile) | Futuh Misr (Ibn Abd al-Hakam) p. 188 | View Entry → |
| 36 AH / 656 CE | Battle of the Camel وقعة الجمل | civil-war | Basra (Iraq) | Sahih al-Bukhari 7099 | View Entry → |
| 37 AH / 657 CE | Battle of Siffin & Arbitration وقعة صفين والتحكيم | civil-war | Raqqa / Euphrates (Syria) | Tarikh al-Tabari 5/1 | View Entry → |
| 61 AH / 680 CE | Massacre of Karbala موقعة كربلاء واستشهاد الحسين | civil-war | Karbala (Iraq) | Tarikh al-Tabari 5/389 | View Entry → |
| 63 AH / 683 CE | Battle of al-Harrah & Sack of Medina وقعة الحرة واستباحة المدينة | civil-war | Al-Harrah, Medina | Tarikh al-Tabari 5/482 | View Entry → |
| 92 AH / 711 CE | Conquest of Hispania & Battle of Guadalete فتح الأندلس ومعركة وادي لكة | battle | Guadalete River / Cadiz (Spain) | Futuh al-Buldan (al-Baladhuri) p. 232 | View Entry → |
| 93 AH / 712 CE | Conquest of Sindh & Siege of Debal فتح السند وحصار ميناء الديبل | siege | Debal / Banbhore, Sindh (Pakistan) | Futuh al-Buldan (al-Baladhuri) p. 436 | View Entry → |
| 114 AH / 732 CE | Battle of Tours / Poitiers (Balat al-Shuhada') معركة بلاط الشهداء (بواتييه) | battle | Tours / Poitiers (France) | Futuh Misr wa-l-Maghrib (Ibn Abd al-Hakam) p. 216 | View Entry → |
| 133 AH / 751 CE | Battle of Talas (Arab-Tang Conflict) معركة نهر طلاس بين العباسيين وإمبراطورية تانغ الصينية | battle | Talas River (Kazakhstan / Kyrgyzstan Border) | Al-Kamil fi-l-Tarikh (Ibn al-Athir) 5/449 | View Entry → |
| 232 AH / 846 CE | Raid on Rome & Ostia غزوة روما ونهب كنيستي بطرس وبولس | siege | Rome / Vatican (Italy) | Al-Kamil fi-l-Tarikh (Ibn al-Athir) 7/28 | View Entry → |
| 416 AH / 1026 CE | Sack of Somnath Temple by Mahmud of Ghazni غزوة معبد سومنات وتكسير الصنم الأعظم | siege | Prabhas Patan, Gujarat (India) | Tahqiq ma li-l-Hind (al-Biruni) p. 405 | View Entry → |
| 656 AH / 1258 CE | Siege & Fall of Baghdad سقوط بغداد ونهاية الخلافة العباسية | civil-war | Baghdad (Iraq) | Al-Bidayah wa-l-Nihayah (Ibn Kathir) 13/200 | View Entry → |
| 14 AH / 635 CE | Siege & Surrender of Damascus فتح دمشق وصلح خالد وأبي عبيدة | treaty | Damascus (Syria) | Futuh al-Buldan (al-Baladhuri) p. 120 | View Entry → |
| 16 AH / 637 CE | Siege of Ctesiphon (al-Mada'in) فتح المدائن وإيوان كسرى | siege | Ctesiphon / Al-Mada'in (Iraq) | Tarikh al-Tabari 4/3 | View Entry → |
| 22 AH / 643 CE | Conquest of Rayy (Ancient Tehran) فتح الري وبلاد الجبل | treaty | Rayy / Tehran (Iran) | Futuh al-Buldan (al-Baladhuri) p. 317 | View Entry → |
| 54 AH / 674 CE | First Arab Siege of Constantinople حصار القسطنطينية الأول ودفن أبي أيوب الأنصاري | siege | Constantinople / Istanbul (Turkey) | Tarikh al-Tabari 5/288 | View Entry → |
| 93 AH / 712 CE | Conquest of Samarkand & Sogdiana فتح سمرقند وتكسير أصنام الصغد | siege | Samarkand (Uzbekistan / Transoxiana) | Tarikh al-Tabari 6/468 | View Entry → |
| 589 AH / 1193 CE | Sack of Nalanda & Odantapuri Monasteries غزوة بختيار الخلجي لنالاندا وإحراق خزائن الكتب | siege | Nalanda / Bihar Sharif, Bihar (India) | Tabaqat-i Nasiri (Minhaj-i Siraj) p. 552 | View Entry → |
| 975 AH / 1568 CE | Siege & Massacre of Chittorgarh فتح حصن جيتور والقتل العام سنة ٩٧٥ هـ | siege | Chittorgarh Fort, Rajasthan (India) | Akbarnama (Abu'l-Fazl) 2/475 | View Entry → |
| 1080 AH / 1669 CE | Demolition of Kashi Vishwanath Temple in Varanasi هدم معبد كاشي فيشواناث ببنارس وبناء مسجد غيانفابي | treaty | Varanasi / Benares, Uttar Pradesh (India) | Ma'asir-i Alamgiri (Saqi Mustad Khan) p. 81 | View Entry → |
| 93 AH / 712 CE | Conquest & Siege of Debal in Sindh فتح ديبل ومذبحة الأيام الثلاثة بالسند | siege | Debal / Bhanbhore, Sindh (Pakistan) | Futuh al-Buldan (al-Baladhuri) p. 437 | View Entry → |
| 799 AH / 1398 CE | Timur's Sack of Delhi & Captive Massacre اجتياح تيمورلنك لدلهي ومذبحة مائة ألف أسير | battle | Delhi / Tughluqabad (India) | Zafarnama (Sharaf al-Din Ali Yazdi) 2/92 | View Entry → |
| 1015 AH / 1606 CE | Execution of Guru Arjan in Lahore تعذيب وإعدام الغورو أرجان في لاهور بأمر جهانكير | civil-war | Lahore Fort, Punjab (Pakistan) | Tuzk-i Jahangiri (Jahangir) 1/72 | View Entry → |
| 1086 AH / 1675 CE | Execution of Guru Tegh Bahadur at Chandni Chowk إعدام الغورو تيغ بهادور في دلهي بأمر أورنكزيب | civil-war | Chandni Chowk, Old Delhi (India) | Ma'asir-i 'Alamgiri p. 94 | View Entry → |